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Generative AI

Sites that use machine learning techniques to generate new data from existing data sets, including text, images, and videos.

chat.openai.com, jasper.ai, beautiful.ai

Government & Legal

Sites for legal entities made by the government to manage commercial activities on its behalf. These include enterprises or corporations owned by the government, but run by private individuals. This also includes sites that tackle issues and laws on legal aspects.

state.gov, europa.eu, whitehouse.gov

Health & Nutrition

Sites that discuss information, tips, guide and others related to health, wellness, eating healthy, and diet plans.

medtronic.com, uptodate.com, medline.com

Help Desk Management

Sites that provide help desk support to their customers through various channels, such as toll-free numbers, websites, instant messaging, or email. There are also in-house help desks designed to provide assistance to employees.

freshdesk.com, zendesk.com, happyfox.com

Hobbies & Interests

Sites that contain on online directory of activities to do in our free time, and provides information about how to find and start a new hobby.

discoverahobby.com, eflorist.com, comofazerartesanatos.com.br

Home & Garden

Sites that provide information on the latest interior design ideas, beautiful lifestyle inspiration, and garden designs.

garden.org, finegardening.com, casarte.com

HR

Human resource management (HRM, or simply HR) sites designed to maximize employee performance in service of their employers strategic objectives.

hirevue.com, wageworks.com, bamboohr.com

IaaS/PaaS

Application hosting providers, platform-as-a-service, virtual machine and bare metal services fall under this category.

aws.amazon.com, azure.microsoft.com, cloud. google.com

Identity and Access Management

Identity Access Management applications provide features such as single sign-on (SSO), password management, multi-factor authentication, etc. They enable enterprises to manage a unified list of users across multiple applications.

onelogin.com, auth0.com, okta.com

Insurance

Sites that offers any type of insurance, insurance company, or government insurance program from medicare to car insurance to life insurance. Examples are accident insurance, travel insurance, self insurance, etc.

usaa.com, progressive.com, statefarm.com

Internet Telephony

Sites that allow users to make calls via the web or to download software that allows users to make calls over the Internet. Also called Internet Telephony and Voice Over IP.

cox.com, ringcentral.com, grasshopper.com

Investors & Patents

Sites that include information on investment business that creates, incubates, and commercializes inventions. Examples are kick-starting, crowdfunding, patents on inventions, patent, patent registration, patented invention etc.

indiegogo.com, proactiveinvestors.com, apoia.se

IT Service/Application Management

Sites that provide IT service management and application management, and includes IT operations, app deployment, license management, app management, app maintenance and upgrading and app scenario testing.

freshservice.com, bettercloud.com, logicmonitor. com

Job Search/Careers

Job posting pages on company sites, job search sites, interview tips, job-related classifieds, temp work, contract work asked or offered, etc.

Also includes sites that show information, tips, or guide on career advice.

careerbuilder.com, indeed.com, job.com

Kids

Sites for kids that provides online teaching games, printables, videos, etc.

scholastic.com, toysrus.com, lego.com

Knowledge Management

Knowledge management (KM) sites include capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge.

litmos.com, schoology.com, dominknow.com

Lifestyle

Sites with advertizing or products designed to appeal to a consumer by association with a desirable lifestyle.

accessconsciousness.com, marcus.co.uk, kak-bog. ru

Login Screens

Sites used to login to a wide variety of services where the actual service is not known, but could be any of several categories (like Yahoo and Google login pages).

360yield.com, sso.godaddy.com, veriatocloud.com

Logistics

Logistics sites provide information about transferring products from producer to consumer, including storage, transport, transshipment, warehousing, material handling and packaging with associated exchange of information.

fedex.com, descartes.com, assetpanda.com

Marijuana

Sites that promote or sell marijuana products. Cannot be combined with drugs as it is legal in many states.

leafly.com, hightimes.com, cannabis.com

Marketing

Sites that target markets through market analysis and market segmentation, as well as understanding consumer behavior and providing superior customer value.

getresponse.com, hubspot.com, marketo.com

Military

Sites sponsored by or devoted to the armed forces. Includes Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force and Coast Guard websites

army.mil, af.mil, navy.mil

Miscellaneous

Sites that do not fit in any other category.

powned.it, ginatricot.com

Newly Observed Domain (NOD)

Domains observed as active in the last 30 days. Similar to NRDs, NODs might not necessarily be registered in last 30 days. Threat actors might register a domain and leave it dormant for a period of time to avoid NRD classification. Later, they can use the domain for malicious activities, such as malware hosting and phishing.

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Newly Registered Domain (NRD)

Domains registered for the first time or changed ownership in the last 30 days. Threat investigators can use the NRD's feed to discover malicious domains since threat actors like to use newly registered URLs for malevolent activities, such as malware hosting and phishing campaigns.

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News & Media

Online (or offline) news sites covering news and events. Also includes collection of written articles that are printed in ink or distributed online, like magazines.

cnn.com, nytimes.com, washingtonpost.com, foxnews.com

No Content

Sites that don't have any content on the entire site is categorized as No Content.

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Nursing

Nursing sites that have Job vacancies, job descriptions, and other related information significant to Nursing. Examples are nursing jobs, nursing hirings etc.

nursingworld.org, nursingtimes.net, allnurses.com

Online Ads

Online ad site provide online marketing, Internet advertising, digital advertising or web advertising. Examples are online advertising, pay per click (ppc), cost per click (cpc) etc.

ads.mopub.com, ads.pubmatic.com, phoenixads. net

Parked Domains

Parked Domain is the registration of an Internet domain name without that domain being associated with any services, such as e-mail or a website. This may have been done to reserve the domain name for future development, and to protect against the possibility of cybersquatting. Examples are parked domain, for sale call domain owner, etc.

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Pay To Surf

Sites that offer cash to users who install their software ads and track browsing habits, effectively allowing users to be paid to surf the web.

etherealglobal.systems, dimondrotator.com, adzseven.com

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Sites that provide peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing software. Note that this does not apply to online repositories of files for download over P2P, but only to the P2P software itself, and any company that provides that software. Examples are emule fileswire, file sharing software, frostwire etc.

thepiratebay.org, 1337x.tw, torlock.com

Personal Sites & Blogs

Blog sites are a platform for individuals to share news, opinions, and information about themselves in a date-stamped web log. Personal pages about an individual or that individuals family (also written in the first-person).

isuwannee.com, blogspot.com, googleblog.com

Pets

Sites that provide information and articles on domestic animals. Examples are cats, dogs, Veterinary Medicine.

petco.com, petfinder.com, petsmart.com

Philanthropic Organizations

Charities and other non-profit philanthropic organizations and foundations dedicated to altruistic activities intended to increase the quality of life for groups or individuals. Also includes web sites that rate and review charities or act as conduits for online donations to selected charities. Examples are charitable giving, fund raisers, disaster reliefs etc.

worldvision.org, unrefugees.org, redcross.org

Photo Sharing

Sites that host digital photographs and allow users to upload, search, and exchange photos and images online. Also includes galleries and albums of photos hosted on businesses or personal websites. Also includes online photo printing where photographs may be uploaded and ordered as prints. Examples are photo albums, photo gallery, photo sharing etc.

web.500px.com, snapfish.com, istockphoto.com

Piracy & Copyright Theft

Sites that provide access to illegally obtained files, such as pirated software (like warez), pirated movies, pirated music, etc. Also includes information or software available specifically for the purpose of using or stealing protected copyrighted materials without paying for them, for example, lists of software serial numbers, cracks,rippers etc. This category is typically used in conjunction with another category such as File Repositories. Examples are DVDRIP, DVDZ, illegal movie etc.

moviexk.net, gudangmovies.cc, tumejortorrent.site

Private IP address

Private IP addresses are those reserved for use internally in corporations or homes. Also includes link-local, self-assigned, Zero-configuration addresses Web Analysts should not use this category. Examples are self-assigned IP, private IP, etc.

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8), 172.16.0.0 -

172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12), 192.168.0.0 -

192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16), 169.254.0.0 -

169.254.255.255 (169.254.0.0/16)

Professional Networking

Social networking sites intended for professionals and business relationship building. These sites are generally more accepted in the workplace than standard social networking websites. Examples are professional networking, professional networking tool etc.

xing.com, linkedin.com, us.viadeo.com

Real Estate

Sites that provide information about buying and selling of homes and private estates. Also includes the sites that provide information about renting, leasing, buying, and selling of land and buildings.

zillow.com, realtor.com, sothebysrealty.com

Redirect

Sites that redirect to other pages or sites is in this Redirect category.

app.bit.ly, goo.gl/, slides.app.goo.gl/

Religion

Information sites and articles on religions from around the world, including their beliefs, practices, rituals, creeds, ethics and history.

jw.org, biblegateway.com, biblehub.com

Remote Access

Sites that provide remote access to private computers or networks, internal network file shares, and internal web applications. Examples are VPN, SSL, etc.

teamviewer.com, remotepc.com, logmein.com

Science

Sites that discuss the study and information in any branch of science. Example Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Space/Astronomy, etc.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, sciencedirect.com, nature.com

Search Engines

Sites used to search the Internet and find other web pages. Excludes Image Search and Engines under Shopping group. But includes white pages, yellow pages, and business search directories whether global or local. Examples are business listings, find people, people finder etc.

google.com, bing.com, yahoo.com

Security

Sites that protect data, such as a database, from destructive forces and the unwanted actions of unauthorized users, and defends information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction.

barracudanetworks.com, mcafee.com, crowdstrike.com

Security Risk

Sites that are pervasive and can pose a direct threat to business availability. A risk management site is essential for managing vulnerabilities and other risks.

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Security Risk - Ad Fraud

Sites that are being used to commit fraudulent online display advertising transactions using different ad impression boosting techniques, including but not limited to ads stacking, iframe stuffing, and hidden ads. Sites that have high non-human web traffic and with rapid, large, and unexplained changes in traffic.

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Security Risk - Attack

Sites that attempt to gain unauthorized access to information resources or services or cause harm or damage to information systems.

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Security Risk - Botnets

Sites or compromised web servers running software that is used by hackers to send spam, phishing attacks, and denial of service attacks.

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Security Risk - Command and Control server

Internet servers and compromised command and control (C2 or C&C) servers and centers used to send commands to infected machines called bots. And sites that are a security risk because call-home malware is detected.

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Security Risk - Compromised/malicious sites

Sites that appear to be legitimate, but house malicious code or link to malicious websites hosting malware. These sites have been compromised by someone other than the site owner.

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Security Risk - Cryptocurrency Mining

Sites that use cryptocurrency mining technology without user permission. This is considered a malicious category.

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Security Risk - DGA

Domains that are generated algorithmically using a domain generation algorithm (DGA). These domains are used by DGA-based malware as their C2 channel, and they aim to hide the location of the active C2 server.

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Security Risk - Hacking

Sites with information or tools specifically intended to assist in online crime, such as the unauthorized access to computers, but also pages with tools and information that enables fraud and other online crime.

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Security Risk - Malware Distribution Point

Sites that host viruses, exploits, and other malware are considered Malware Distribution Points. Web analysts might use this category if their antivirus program triggers on a particular website. Other categories should also be added if applicable.

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Security Risk - Miscellaneous

Sites with security risk indicators that aren't mapped to any of the other listed security risk types (e.g., high risk, medium risk, and possible risk).

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Security Risk - Phishing/Fraud

Sites that impersonate other web pages, usually with the intent of stealing passwords, credit card numbers, or other information. Also includes websites that are part of scams such as a 419 scam where a person is convinced to hand over money with the expectation of a big payback that never comes (e.g., con, hoax, scam, etc.).

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Security Risk - Spam sites

URLs that frequently occur in spam messages.

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Security Risk - Spyware & Questionable Software

Sites that report information back to a central server, such as spyware or keystroke loggers. It also includes software that may have legitimate purposes, but some people may object to having on their system.

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Shareware/Freeware

Sites that offer licensed downloads on software for evaluation, after which a fee will be requested for continued use. Also includes companiy sites offering free use of their software for life. Examples are free software downloads, trial wires, free trial software, demoware etc.

play.google.com, filehippo.com, downloadsource. es

Shopping

Sites that welcome to purchase goods, services, items and others being sold online. Examples are online store, order online, shopping etc.

walmart.com, target.com, bestbuy.com

Social

Social sites, including communication tools and interactive tools, often based on the Internet. Sllow users to come together online around shared interests, hobbies or causes. For example, some sites provide meeting organization facilities for people who practice the same sports.

facebook.com, snapchat.com, twitter.com

Social & Affiliation Organizations

Sites for clubs, social organizations, and groups that form around common interests where the primary purpose is to meet for social purposes or to meet people with common interests. Clubs may be devoted to social activities, hobbies, religion, politics, etc. Excludes sports clubs, teams, and organizations. Examples are book club, scouts, sorority etc.

acs.org, kde.org, ics.org

Sports

Web pages that provide information on news, events, schedules, rankings, and other aspects of sports.

247sports.com, nba.com, espn.com

Streaming & Downloadable Audio

Sites with repositories of music that provide streaming music, or other audio files that might pose a bandwidth risk to companies. Examples are internet radio, mp3 downloads, Shoutcasts, etc.

audible.com, radio.com, spotify.com

Streaming & Downloadable Video

Sites with repositories of videos or that provide in-browser streaming videos that may pose a bandwidth risk to companies. Examples are movie downloads, streaming movies etc.

netflix.com, hulu.com, kanopy.com

Survey Solutions

Sites for survey methodology studies, like the sampling of individual units from a population and the associated survey data collection techniques, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys.

surveymonkey.com, surveygizmo.com, jotform. com

Technology

Sites related to technology. Examples are design web templates, robotics, cloud computing software, drones, etc.

javaworld.com, ubuntu.com, apple.com

Telecom and Call Center

Telecom applications use the VoIP protocol to enable telephone connectivity in inter-office and intra-office environments. Vendors create virtual PBX in their data centers to handle multiple customers. Call Center applications provide enterprises with the features and tools to automate the process of receiving and responding to customer phone calls. Features include call tracking, monitoring, multimedia recording, employee evaluation of call handling capabilities through automated feedback, multi-site routing, and voice recognition.

twilio.com, intercom.com, ringcentral.com

Telecommuting

Sites that depict working remotely. Employees do not need to commute to a central place of work. Examples are remote work, telework, home based jobs etc.

cjinc.info, freeeup.com, myworkforlife.com

Tobacco

Sites that promote or sell tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, Shisha and chew.

cigarsinternational.com, allcigs.com, thompsoncigars.com

Trading & Investing

Sites assisting in investing, trading, stock and share dealing.

fidelity.com, schwab.com, vanguard.com

Translation

Sites that translate from one language to another. Examples are translator site, language translator, translator, online language translator etc.

translate.google.com, translator.microsoft.com, freetranslation.com

Travel

Sites that provides travel information, guidance, and tips on travel. Also includes sites with information, travel timetable, online bookings, hotels and other related details on travel.

booking.com, tripadvisor.com, expedia.com

Uncategorized

Domains that are yet to be categorized

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Unreachable

Sites that give errors such as "Network Timeout", "Taking too long to respond" or "Address Not Found".

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Utilities

Sites that include tips, information and guide to computer utilities, such as disk backup, etc. Examples are disk performance, system utilities, PC performance tools etc.

open-file.ru, vredd.it, myonlineradio.co

Weapons

Site with guns and weapons not used in a violent manner, such as descriptions, sport hunting, gun clubs, or paintball. It also includes other weapons like crossbows, knives, etc. Examples are gun crossbow, knives, rifles, etc.

armslist.com, gunbroker.com, coldsteel.com

Web Analytics

Web analytics sites that measure, collect, analyze, and report web data to understand and optimize web usage. Web analytics applications can also help companies measure the results of traditional print or broadcast advertising campaigns.

count.ly, crazyegg.com, heapanalytics.com

Web Conferencing

Web conferencing sites is an umbrella term for various types of online collaborative services including web seminars, webcasts, and peer-level web meetings.

webex.com, zoom.us, gotomeeting.com

Web Design

Web design sites encompass many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design, interface design, authoring, including standardized code and proprietary software, user experience design, and search engine optimization.

sites.google.com, civicplus.com, squarespace.com

Web Hosting, ISP & Telco

Web hosting and blog hosting sites, and also Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and telecommunications (phone) companies. Examples are ISP, internet access, cable modem etc.

godaddy.com, bluehost.com, hostinger.com

Web Proxies/Anonymizers

Web proxies and anonymizers are services that allow users to hide their identity, IP address and location when they browse the web. Unlike apps in other categories, which might have a justification for being used, proxies and anonymizers pose a security and legal risk to the organization and should be blocked. Netskope Cloud Confidence Index (CCI) does not apply to these apps.

kproxy.com, hidemyass.com, expressvpn.com

Webmail

Webmail (or web-based email) isites are any email clients implemented as a web application running on a web server. Enables users to send and/or receive email through a web accessible email account.

mail.google.com, outlook.com, protonmail.com